Organic luminescence display and method of manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

Provided are organic luminescence display and method for manufacturing the same. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic luminescence display comprising a substrate and a plurality of pixels disposed on the substrate. The pixels comprise a plurality of first pixels, each comprising a first organic light-emitting layer, and a plurality of second pixels which are smaller than the first pixels and each of which comprises a second organic light-emitting layer. The surface roughness of the second organic light-emitting layer is greater than the surface roughness of the first organic light-emitting layer.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION AND CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a divisional/continuation of U.S. application Ser.No. 14/133,218, filed on Dec. 18, 2013 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,312,311issued Apr. 12, 2016), incorporates by reference the same herein, andclaims all benefits accruing under 35 U.S.C §120. U.S. application Ser.No. 14/133,218 makes reference to, incorporates into the specificationthe entire contents of, and claims all benefits accruing under 35 U.S.C.§119 from an application earlier filed in the Korean IntellectualProperty Office on Apr. 15, 2013, and there duly assigned Serial No.10-2013-0041077.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an organic luminescence display and amethod of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to an organicluminescence display which includes an organic light-emitting layer of alarge pixel formed by a deposition process and an organic light-emittinglayer of a small pixel formed by a transfer process and a method ofmanufacturing the same.

Description of the Related Art

Generally, an organic luminescence display includes a pixel electrode, acommon electrode, and organic layers interposed between the pixelelectrode and the common electrode. The organic layers include at leastan emitting layer (EML) and may further include a hole injecting layer(HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an electron transport layer (ETL)and an electron injecting layer (EIL). In the organic luminescencedisplay, holes and electrons generated by the pixel electrode and thecommon electrode may combine in an organic layer, particularly, in theEML to form excitons. When an energy level of the excitons changes froman excited state to a ground state, the EML may emit light of a colorcorresponding to the changed energy level.

In order to realize a full-color organic luminescence display, it isrequired to pattern the above organic layer. To pattern the organiclayer, a deposition method using a fine metal mask (FMM) or a transfermethod (i.e., a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method) using alaser may be utilized. The deposition method using the FMM is acontemporary method that has been used and ensures high efficiency andstability. With the transfer method using the laser, fine patterns canbe formed easily.

Recently, the size of a pattern into which the organic layer ispatterned has been reduced in order to obtain a high-resolution organicluminescence display. Accordingly, it has become difficult tomanufacture an FMM including an opening that corresponds to the pattern.Even if the FMM can be manufactured, the opening of the FMM may beclogged immediately after the initiation of a deposition process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aspects of the present invention provide a high-quality organicluminescence display which includes an organic light-emitting layer of alarge pixel formed by a deposition process and an organic light-emittinglayer of a small pixel formed by a transfer process.

Aspects of the present invention also provide a method of manufacturingan organic luminescence display, in which an organic light-emittinglayer of a large pixel is formed by a deposition process, and an organiclight-emitting layer of a small pixel is formed by a transfer process.

However, aspects of the present invention are not restricted to the oneset forth herein. The above and other aspects of the present inventionwill become more apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art to whichthe present invention pertains by referencing the detailed descriptionof the present invention given below.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided anorganic luminescence display comprising a substrate and a plurality ofpixels disposed on the substrate. The pixels may be constructed with aplurality of first pixels, each comprising a first organiclight-emitting layer, and a plurality of second pixels which are smallerthan the first pixels and each of which comprises a second organiclight-emitting layer. The surface roughness of the second organiclight-emitting layer is greater than the surface roughness of the firstorganic light-emitting layer.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is providedan organic luminescence display may be constructed with a substrate anda plurality of pixels disposed on the substrate. The pixels may beconstructed with a plurality of first pixels, each comprising a firstorganic light-emitting layer, a plurality of second pixels, eachcomprising a second organic light-emitting layer, and a plurality ofthird pixels, each comprising a third organic light-emitting layer. Thesurface roughness of the first organic light-emitting layer is equal tothe surface roughness of the second organic light-emitting layer, andthe surface roughness of the third organic light-emitting layer isgreater than the surface roughness of the first organic light-emittinglayer.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a method of manufacturing an organic luminescence display. Themethod may be practiced by forming a first organic light-emitting layerby depositing a first organic light-emitting material on a first pixelelectrode which is disposed on a substrate and exposed by a pixeldefining layer, and forming a second organic light-emitting layer bytransferring a transfer layer containing a second organic light-emittingmaterial onto a second pixel electrode which is disposed on thesubstrate and exposed by the pixel defining layer. A minimum width ofthe second pixel electrode exposed by the pixel defining layer issmaller than a minimum width of the first pixel electrode exposed by thepixel defining layer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of the invention, and many of the attendantadvantages thereof, will be readily apparent as the same becomes betterunderstood by reference to the following detailed description whenconsidered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which likereference symbols indicate the same or similar components, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically illustrating an arrangement ofpixels of an organic luminescence display constructed as an embodimentaccording to the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A′ of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a pixel driver shown inFIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operation of preparinga substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes and a pixel defininglayer in a method of manufacturing the organic luminescence display ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operation of forming afirst organic light-emitting layer in the method of manufacturing theorganic luminescence display of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operation of forming athird organic light-emitting layer in the method of manufacturing theorganic luminescence display of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operation of forming asecond organic light-emitting layer in the method of manufacturing theorganic luminescence display of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operation of forming acommon electrode in the method of manufacturing the organic luminescencedisplay of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a plan view schematically illustrating an arrangement ofpixels of an organic luminescence display constructed as anotherembodiment according to the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B′ of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a plan view schematically illustrating an arrangement ofpixels of an organic luminescence display constructed as anotherembodiment according to the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a plan view schematically illustrating an arrangement ofpixels of an organic luminescence display constructed as anotherembodiment according to the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C′ of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operation of preparinga substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes and a pixel defininglayer in a method of manufacturing the organic luminescence display ofFIG. 12;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operation of forming afirst organic light-emitting layer in the method of manufacturing theorganic luminescence display of FIG. 12;

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operation of forming asecond organic light-emitting layer in the method of manufacturing theorganic luminescence display of FIG. 12;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operation of forming athird organic light-emitting layer in the method of manufacturing theorganic luminescence display of FIG. 12;

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operation of forming acommon electrode in the method of manufacturing the organic luminescencedisplay of FIG. 12;

FIG. 19 is a plan view schematically illustrating an arrangement ofpixels of an organic luminescence display constructed as anotherembodiment according to the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D′ of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a plan view schematically illustrating an arrangement ofpixels of an organic luminescence display constructed as anotherembodiment according to the principles of the present invention; and

FIG. 22 is a plan view schematically illustrating an arrangement ofpixels of an organic luminescence display constructed as anotherembodiment according to the principles of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Advantages and features of the present invention and methods ofaccomplishing the same may be understood more readily by reference tothe following detailed description of preferred embodiments and theaccompanying drawings. The present invention may, however, be embodiedin many different forms and should not be construed as being limited tothe embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are providedso that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fullyconvey the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art, and thepresent invention will only be defined by the appended claims. Thus, insome embodiments, well-known structures and devices are not shown inorder not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessarydetail. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. In the drawings,the thickness of layers and regions are exaggerated for clarity.

It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to asbeing “on,” or “connected to” another element or layer, it can bedirectly on or connected to the other element or layer or interveningelements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element isreferred to as being “directly on” or “directly connected to” anotherelement or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present.As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items.

Spatially relative terms, such as “below,” “beneath,” “lower,” “above,”“upper,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description todescribe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) orfeature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that thespatially relative terms are intended to encompass differentorientations of the device in use or operation in addition to theorientation depicted in the figures.

Embodiments described herein will be described referring to plan viewsand/or cross-sectional views by way of ideal schematic views of theinvention. Accordingly, the exemplary views may be modified depending onmanufacturing technologies and/or tolerances. Therefore, the embodimentsof the invention are not limited to those shown in the views, butinclude modifications in configuration formed on the basis ofmanufacturing processes. Therefore, regions exemplified in figures haveschematic properties and shapes of regions shown in figures exemplifyspecific shapes of regions of elements and not limit aspects of theinvention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described withreference to the attached drawings.

FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically illustrating the pixel arrangementof an organic luminescence display constructed as an embodimentaccording to the principles of the present invention. FIG. 2 is across-sectional view taken along line A-A′ of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is anenlarged cross-sectional view of a pixel driver shown in FIG. 2.

Referring to FIGS. 1 through 3, the organic luminescence displayaccording to the current embodiment may include a substrate 100, a pixeldefining layer 130, a plurality of pixel electrodes (140 a, 140 b, 140c), a plurality of organic light-emitting layers (150 a, 150 b, 150 c),and a common electrode 160.

The substrate 100 may include an insulating substrate 100 a and a driverlayer 100 b disposed on the insulating substrate 100 a.

The insulating substrate 100 a may be a transparent insulating substrateformed of glass, quartz, ceramic, plastic, etc. The insulating substrate100 a may be shaped like a flat plate or may be a flexible substratethat can be easily bent by an external force.

The driver layer 100 b may be disposed on the insulating substrate 100 aand may include a pixel driver 110 for driving the organic luminescencedisplay and various wirings such as data lines. The driver layer 100 bmay consist of a single layer or multiple layers.

The pixel driver 110 may be connected to any one of a first pixelelectrode 140 a, a second pixel electrode 140 b, and a third pixelelectrode 140 c via a through hole 120. The pixel driver 110 may controlan electric current supplied to the first pixel electrode 140 a, thesecond pixel electrode 140 b or the third pixel electrode 140 c which isconnected to the pixel driver 110.

More specifically, referring to FIG. 3, the pixel driver 110 may includea buffer layer 117, a semiconductor layer (111, 112, 113), a gateinsulating layer 118, an interlayer insulating film 119, a gateelectrode 114, a source electrode 115, and a drain electrode 116.

The buffer layer 117 may be formed of various materials that can preventthe penetration of impurity elements and planarize the surface of thesubstrate 110. In an exemplary embodiment, the buffer layer 117 may beformed of any one of silicon nitride (SiN_(x)), silicon oxide (SiO₂),and silicon oxynitride (SiO_(x)N_(y)). However, the buffer layer 117 isoptional and can be omitted depending on the type of the substrate 100and process conditions.

The semiconductor layer (111, 112, 113) may be formed on the bufferlayer 117. The semiconductor layer (111, 112, 113) may be formed ofamorphous semiconductor or polycrystalline semiconductor. Preferably,the semiconductor layer (111, 112, 113) may be formed of polycrystallinesemiconductor. The semiconductor layer (111, 112, 113) may also beformed of oxide semiconductor. The semiconductor layer (111, 112, 113)includes a channel region 111 undoped with impurities and p+-dopedsource and drain regions 112 and 113 disposed on both sides of thechannel region 111. Here, an ion material used to dope the semiconductorlayer (111, 112, 113) may be boron (B)-containing P-type impurities suchas B₂H₆. The impurities used to dope the semiconductor layer (111, 112,113) may vary according to the type of a thin-film transistor (TFT).

The gate insulating layer 118 may be formed on the semiconductor layer(111, 112, 113). The gate insulating layer 118 may be formed of SiN_(x)or SiO₂.

The interlayer insulating film 119 may be formed on the gate insulatinglayer 118. The interlayer insulating film 119 may cover the gateelectrode 114. The gate insulating layer 118 and the interlayerinsulating film 119 may share holes that expose the source region 112and the drain region 113 of the semiconductor layer (111, 112, 113).Like the gate insulating layer 118, the interlayer insulating film 119may be formed of SiN_(x) or SiO₂.

The gate electrode 114 may be formed on the gate insulating film 118.The gate electrode 114 may be included in a gate wiring. The gate wiringmay further include a gate line (not shown) and other wiring lines. Thegate electrode 114 may overlap at least part of the semiconductor layer(111, 112, 113). In an exemplary embodiment, the gate electrode 114 mayoverlap the channel region 111.

The source electrode 115 and the drain electrode 116 may be formed onthe interlayer insulating film 119. The source electrode 115 and thedrain electrode 116 may be included in a data wiring. The data wiringmay include a data line (not shown), a common power supply line (notshown) and other wiring lines. The source electrode 115 and the drainelectrode 116 may be connected to the source region 112 and the drainregion 113 of the semiconductor layer (111, 112, 113) via the holes,respectively.

The pixel defining layer 130 may be formed on the driver layer 100 b.The pixel defining layer 130 may be formed of an organic insulatingmaterial or an inorganic insulating material. The pixel defining layer130 may also be formed of a photosensitizer that contains blackpigments. In this case, the pixel defining layer 130 may function as alight blocking member. The pixel defining layer 130 may include aplurality of opening regions arranged in a matrix.

The pixel electrodes (140 a, 140 b, 140 c) may be disposed on thesubstrate 100. The pixel electrodes (140 a, 140 b, 140 c) may be locatedin the opening regions (190 a, 190 b, 190 c respectively) defined by thepixel defining layer 130. Here, the opening regions (190 a, 190 b, 190c) correspond to a topmost portion of pixel defining layer 130 asillustrated in FIG. 2. The pixel electrodes (140 a, 140 b, 140 c) mayinclude the first pixel electrode 140 a, the second pixel electrode 140b, and the third pixel electrode 140 c. Each of the first pixelelectrode 140 a, the second pixel electrode 140 b, and the third pixelelectrode 140 c may be connected to the drain electrode 116 of the pixeldriver 110 via the through hole 120.

The pixel electrodes (140 a, 140 b, 140 c) may be formed of a reflectiveconductive material, a transparent conductive material, or asemi-transparent conductive material. The reflective conductive materialmay be lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), lithium fluoride/calcium (LiF/Ca),lithium fluoride/aluminum (LiF/Al), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag),magnesium (Mg), or gold (Au). The transparent conductive material may beindium tin oxide (no), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), orindium oxide (In₂O₃). Also, the semi-transparent conductive material maybe a co-deposition material containing one or more of Mg and Ag or maybe one or more of Mg, Ag, Ca, Li, and Al. The pixel electrodes (140 a,140 b, 140 c) may consist of multiple layers and may exhibit reflective,transparent, or semi-transparent characteristics depending on thestacked structure of the multiple layers.

The organic light-emitting layers (150 a, 150 b, 150 c) may be formed onthe pixel electrodes (140 a, 140 b, 140 c). In an exemplary embodiment,a middle portion of one organic light-emitting layer may contact onepixel electrode, and edge portions of the organic light-emitting layermay contact portions of the pixel defining layer 130 which are adjacentto the one pixel electrode.

The organic light-emitting layers (150 a, 150 b, 150 c) may include afirst organic light-emitting layer 150 a, a second organiclight-emitting layer 150 b, and a third organic light-emitting layer 150c. The first organic light-emitting layer 150 a may be disposed on thefirst pixel electrode 140 a, the second organic light-emitting layer 150b may be disposed on the second pixel electrode 140 b, and the thirdorganic light-emitting layer 150 c may be disposed on the third pixelelectrode 140 c.

The organic light-emitting layers (150 a, 150 b, 150 c), that is, thefirst organic light-emitting layer 150 a, the second organiclight-emitting layer 150 b, and the third organic light-emitting layer150 c may be formed of different materials. However, the presentinvention is not limited thereto, and at least two of the first organiclight-emitting layer 150 a, the second organic light-emitting layer 150b, and the third organic light-emitting layer 150 c may be formed of thesame material. In addition, the first organic light-emitting layer 150a, the second organic light-emitting layer 150 b, and the third organiclight-emitting layer 150 c may have the same stacked structure. However,the present invention is not limited thereto, and at least one of thefirst organic light-emitting layer 150 a, the second organiclight-emitting layer 150 b, and the third organic light-emitting layer150 c may have a different stacked structure.

Holes and electrons generated by the pixel electrodes (140 a, 140 b, 140c) and the common electrode 160 may combine in the organiclight-emitting layers (150 a, 150 b, 150 c). When an energy level ofexcitons formed by the combination of the holes and the electronschanges from an excited state to a ground state, light of a colorcorresponding to the changed energy level may be emitted. In anexemplary embodiment, the first organic light-emitting layer 150 a, thesecond organic light-emitting layer 150 b, and the third organiclight-emitting layer 150 c may emit light of different colors. However,the present invention is not limited thereto, and at least two of thefirst organic light-emitting layer 150 a, the second organiclight-emitting layer 150 b, and the third organic light-emitting layer150 c may emit light of the same color. In the exemplary embodiment ofFIGS. 1 and 2, the first organic light-emitting layer 150 a may emit redlight, the second organic light-emitting layer 150 b may emit greenlight, and the third organic light-emitting layer 150 c may emit bluelight. In another exemplary embodiment, the first organic light-emittinglayer 150 a may emit red light, the second organic light-emitting layer150 b may emit blue light, and the third organic light-emitting layer150 c may emit green light.

Although not shown in the drawings, in some embodiments of the presentinvention, a hole transport layer may further be formed between thefirst organic light-emitting layer 150 a and the first pixel electrode140 a, between the second organic light-emitting layer 150 b and thesecond pixel electrode 140 b, and between the third organiclight-emitting layer 150 c and the third pixel electrode 140 c. Inaddition, a hole injecting layer may further be formed between the holetransport layer and each of the first pixel electrode 140 a, the secondpixel electrode 140 b and the third pixel electrode 140 c. Although notshown in the drawings, in some embodiments of the present invention, anelectron transport layer may further be formed between the commonelectrode 160 and each of the first organic light-emitting layer 150 a,the second organic light-emitting layer 150 b and the third organiclight-emitting layer 150 c, and an electron injecting layer may furtherbe formed between the electron transport layer and the common electrode160.

The common electrode 160 may be formed on the organic light-emittinglayers (150 a, 150 b, 150 c). An electric potential applied to thecommon electrode 160 may create a potential difference between thecommon electrode 160 and the first pixel electrode 140 a, the secondpixel electrode 140 b or the third pixel electrode 140 c.

The common electrode 160 may be formed of a reflective conductivematerial, a transparent conductive material, or a semi-transparentconductive material. The reflective conductive material may be Li, Ca,LiF/Ca, LiF/Al, Al, Ag, Mg, or Au. The transparent conductive materialmay be ITO, IZO, ZnO, or In₂O₃. Also, the semi-transparent conductivematerial may be a co-deposition material containing one or more of Mgand Ag or may be one or more of Mg, Ag, Ca, Li, and Al.

Although not shown in the drawings, an encapsulating layer may be formedon the common electrode 160. The encapsulating layer may be disposed onthe common electrode 160 to face the substrate 100 and seals the firstorganic light-emitting layer 150 a, the second organic light-emittinglayer 150 b, and the third organic light-emitting layer 150 c betweenitself and the substrate 100 from the outside environment. Accordingly,the present invention may further include a sealing member (not shown)used to bond and seal the substrate 100 and the encapsulating layer. Thesealing member (not shown) may be formed of one or more materialsselected from the group consisting of acrylic resin, methacrylic resin,polyisoprene, vinyl resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, and celluloseresin.

A plurality of pixels (P1, P2, P3) of the organic luminescence displayaccording to the current embodiment will now be described with referenceto FIGS. 1 and 2 again.

The organic luminescence display according to the current embodiment mayinclude a plurality of pixels (P1, P2, P3) disposed on the substrate100. Specifically, the pixels (P1, P2, P3) may be located in the openingregions of the pixel defining layer 130. That is, the pixels (P1, P2,P3) may be separated from each other by the pixel defining layer 130.

Each of the pixels (P1, P2, P3) may include one organic light-emittinglayer which overlaps one pixel electrode. In addition, each of thepixels (P1, P2, P3) may further include the one pixel electrode and thecommon electrode 160 which overlaps the one pixel electrode.

The pixels (P1, P2, P3) may include a plurality of first pixels P1, aplurality of second pixels P2, and a plurality of third pixels P3.

Referring to FIG. 1, the first pixels P1, the second pixels P2, and thethird pixels P3 may be quadrangular. Each of the first pixels P1 may beshaped like a quadrangle including short sides having a length of D1 andlong sides having a length of D2, each of the second pixels P2 may beshaped like a quadrangle including short sides having a length of D3 andlong sides having a length of D4, and each of the third pixels P3 may beshaped like a quadrangle including short sides having a length of D5 andlong sides having a length of D6. That is, each of the first pixels P1may be formed in a region of D1×D2, each of the second pixels P2 may beformed in a region of D3×D4, and each of the third pixels P3 may beformed in a region of D5×D6. While the first pixels P1, the secondpixels P2 and the third pixels P3 may be quadrangular as describedabove, their shape is not limited to the quadrangular shape. That is,the first pixels P1, the second pixels P2 and the third pixels P3 mayalso be circular, ellipsoidal, or polygonal. In addition, at least oneof the first through third pixels P1 through P3 may have a differentshape from that of the other pixels.

Referring to FIG. 2, each of the first pixels P1 may include the firstorganic light emitting layer 150 a which overlaps the first pixelelectrode 140 a, each of the second pixels P2 may include the secondorganic light-emitting layer 150 b which overlaps the second pixelelectrode 140 b, and each of the third pixels P3 may include the thirdorganic light-emitting layer 150 c which overlaps the third pixelelectrode 140 c. In addition, each of the first pixels P1 may furtherinclude the first pixel electrode 140 a and the common electrode 160which overlaps the first pixel electrode 140 a, each of the secondpixels P2 may further include the second pixel electrode 140 b and thecommon electrode 160 which overlaps the second pixel electrode 140 b,and each of the third pixels P3 may further include the third pixelelectrode 140 c and the common electrode 160 which overlaps the thirdpixel electrode 140 c. Each of the first through third pixels P1 throughP3 may further include a power supply unit (not shown) which applies anelectric potential to the common electrode 160 and a corresponding oneof the first pixel electrode 140 a, the second pixel electrode 140 b andthe third pixel electrode 140 c.

The first through third pixels P1 through P3 may emit light of differentcolors. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and atleast two of the first through third pixels P1 through P3 may emit lightof the same color. In an exemplary embodiment, the first pixels P1 mayemit red light, the second pixels P2 may emit green light, and the thirdpixels P3 may emit blue light. In another exemplary embodiment, thefirst pixels P1 may emit red light, the second pixels P2 may emit bluelight, and the third pixels P3 may emit green light.

The pixel arrangement of the organic luminescence display according tothe current embodiment will now be described with reference to FIG. 1.

The first pixels P1 and the second pixels P2 may be arranged adjacent toeach other. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the first pixels P1and the second pixels P2 may be arranged side by side. The order inwhich the first pixels P1 and the second pixels P2 are arranged can bereversed. That is, the first pixels P1 and the second pixels P2 may bearranged in the order of the first pixel P1 and the second pixel P2 inan x direction or in the order of the second pixel P2 and the firstpixel P1 in the x direction.

The second pixels P2 and the third pixels P3 may also be arrangedadjacent to each other. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, thesecond pixels P2 and the third pixels P3 may be arranged side by side.The order in which the second pixels P2 and the third pixels P3 arearranged can be reversed. That is, the second pixels P2 and the thirdpixels P3 may be arranged in the order of the second pixel P2 and thethird pixel P3 in the x direction or in the order of the third pixel P3and the second pixel P2 in the x direction.

The first pixels P1 and the third pixels P3 may also be arrangedadjacent to each other. However, a direction in which the first pixelsP1 and the third pixels P3 are arranged may be perpendicular to adirection in which the first pixels P1 and the second pixels P2 arearranged or a direction in which the second pixels P2 and the thirdpixels P3 are arranged. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the firstpixels P1 and the third pixels P3 may be arranged side by side in a ydirection.

Each of the first pixels P1 may be disposed between two second pixelsP2. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the second pixels P2 may bedisposed on both sides of each of the first pixels P1, that is, on aside of each of the first pixels P1 in the x direction and the otherside of each of the first pixels P1 in a −x direction.

Each of the third pixels P3 may also be disposed between two secondpixels P2. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the second pixels P2may be disposed on both sides of each of the third pixels P3, that is,on a side of each of the third pixels P3 in the x direction and theother side of each of the third pixels P3 in the −x direction.

Each of the second pixels P2 may be disposed between a first pixel P1and a third pixel P3. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, a firstpixel P1 may be disposed on a first side of each of the second pixelsP2, and a third pixel P3 may be disposed on a second side of each of thesecond pixels P2 which is opposite the first side. Here, the first sideof each of the second pixels P2 may be a side thereof in the x directionor the −x direction.

The first through third pixels P1 through P3 may be separated from eachother by a predetermined distance. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG.1, the first pixels P1 and the second pixels P2 may be separated fromeach other by a distance of D7. Although not shown in FIG. 1, the secondpixels P2 and the third pixels P3 may also be separated from each otherby the distance of D7, and the first pixels P1 and the third pixels P3may also be separated from each other by the distance of D7. However,this is merely an example, and the distance between the first pixels P1and the second pixels P2, the distance between the second pixels P2 andthe third pixels P3, and the distance between the first pixels P1 andthe third pixels P3 may be different.

The first through third pixels P1 through P3 may be arranged in amatrix. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, a row direction may bethe x direction, and a column direction may be the y direction. Ann^(th) column of the pixels (P1, P2, P3) may include the first pixels P1and the third pixels P3 arranged alternately, an (n+1)^(th) columnadjacent to the n^(th) column may include the second pixels P2, and an(n+2)^(th) column adjacent to the (n+1)^(th) column may include thefirst pixels P1 and the third pixels P3 arranged alternately, and an(n+3)^(th) column adjacent to the (n+2)^(th) column may include thesecond pixels P2. In the same row, any one of the first and third pixelsP1 and P3 may be disposed in the n^(th) column, and the other one of thefirst and third pixels P1 and P3 may be disposed in the (n+2)^(th)column. Here, n is a natural number, i.e., an integer greater than zero,and one pixel may be formed at an intersection of one row and onecolumn.

The n^(th) column, the (n+1)^(th) column, the (n+2)^(th) column and the(n+3)^(th) column may be parallel to one another. In addition, then^(th) column may include the first and third pixels P1 and P3 arrangedalternately, and the (n+2)^(th) column may include the first and thirdpixels P1 and P3 arranged in an opposite order to that of the n^(th)column. In the (n+1)^(th) column and the (n+3)^(th) column, the secondpixels P2 may be repeatedly arranged. That is, in the (n+1)^(th) columnand the (n+3)^(th) column, each of the second pixels P2 may be adjacentto other second pixels P2 on both sides in the column direction.

Each of the first pixels P1 may be adjacent to the second pixels P2 inthe row direction and may be adjacent to the third pixels P3 in thecolumn direction. Each of the second pixels P2 may be adjacent to afirst pixel P1 and a third pixel P3 in the row direction and may beadjacent to other second pixels P2 in the column direction. Each of thethird pixels P3 may be adjacent to the second pixels P2 in the rowdirection and may be adjacent to the first pixels P1 in the columndirection.

The pixel arrangement may be a repetition of the n^(th) column, the(n+1)^(th) column, the (n+2)^(th) column, and the (n+3)^(th) column inthis order in the row direction.

The pixels (P1, P2, P3) of the organic luminescence display according tothe current embodiment will now be compared with reference to FIGS. 1and 2.

First, the first pixels P1 may be larger in size than the second pixelsP2. Here, the size of each of the first pixels P1 may be the area of theregion in which each of the first pixels P1 is located as seen in a planview, and the size of each of the second pixels P2 may be the area ofthe region in which each of the second pixels P2 is located as seen in aplan view. Specifically, referring to FIG. 1, the size of each of thefirst pixels P1 may be D1×D2, and the size of each of the second pixelsP2 may be D3×D4. Here, the length of D2 may be equal to the length ofD4. However, since the length of D1 may be two to four times the lengthof D3, the size of each of the first pixels P1 may be two to four timesthe size of each of the second pixels P2.

The first pixels P1 may be dot-shaped, and the second pixels P2 may bestripe-shaped. Here, both the dot shape and the stripe shape may bequadrangles. However, a value obtained by dividing a length of shortsides of the dot shape by a length of long sides of the dot shape may betwo to four times a value obtained by dividing a length of short sidesof the stripe shape by a length of long sides of the stripe shape. Thatis, a ratio of the length of the short sides to the length of the longsides of the dot shape may be 1:1-2, and a ratio of the length of theshort sides to the length of the long sides of the stripe shape may be1:2.5-4. That is, the dot shape and the stripe shape may bedistinguished from each other by the differences in the relative lengthsof their short sides and long sides.

The length of the long sides of each of the first pixels P1 may be equalto the length of the long sides of each of the second pixels P2, and thelength of the short sides of each of the first pixels P1 may be greaterthan the length of the short sides of each of the second pixels P2.Specifically, referring to FIG. 1, the length D2 of the long sides ofeach of the first pixels P1 may be equal to the length D4 of the longsides of each of the second pixels P2. However, the length D1 of theshort sides of each of the first pixels P1 may be two to four times thelength D3 of the short sides of each of the second pixels P2. Here, thelength D3 of the short sides of each of the second pixels P2 may be 1 to10 μm, preferably, 3 to 7 μm.

A minimum width of each of the first pixels P1 may be equal to orgreater than a first width, and a minimum width of each of the secondpixels P2 may be equal to or smaller than a second width which issmaller than the first width. The minimum width of each of the firstpixels P1 may be a shortest distance across each of the first pixels P1as seen in a plan view, and the minimum width of each of the secondpixels P2 may be a shortest distance across each of the second pixels P2as seen in a plan view. In addition, the first width may be two to fourtimes the second width. Specifically, the first width may be greaterthan 10 μm, and the second width may be 1 to 10 μm.

The size of each of the third pixels P3 may be equal to the size of eachof the first pixels P1. Here, the size of each of the third pixels P3may be the area of the region in which each of the third pixels P3 islocated as seen in a plan view. Specifically, referring to FIG. 1, thesize of each of the third pixels P3 may be D5×D6. Here, the length of D6may be equal to the length of D2 and the length of D4. However, sincethe length of D5 may be two to four times the length of D3, the size ofeach of the third pixels P3 may be two to four times the size of each ofthe second pixels P2.

The surface roughness of the second organic light-emitting layer 150 bincluded in each of the second pixels P2 may be greater than the surfaceroughness of the first organic light-emitting layer 150 a included ineach of the first pixels P1. Here, surface roughness may denote theroughness of a surface of an object to be measured. More specifically,surface roughness is a measure of texture of a surface and is quantifiedby the vertical deviations of a real surface from the ideal form of thereal surface. That is, if the surface of the object has manyirregularities and/or if there are large differences between heights ofthe irregularities formed in the surface of the object, the surfaceroughness of the object is high. If the surface of the object has fewirregularities and/or if there are small differences between the heightsof the irregularities formed in the surface of the object, the surfaceroughness of the object is low. In an exemplary embodiment, the firstorganic light-emitting layer 150 a may include a smooth surface, and thesecond organic light-emitting layer 150 b may include a surface withrandom irregularities. Specifically, a surface (i.e., a side surface) ofthe first organic light-emitting layer 150 a which faces the secondorganic light-emitting layer 150 b or the third organic light-emittinglayer 150 c may be smooth, and a surface (i.e., a side surface) of thesecond organic light-emitting layer 150 b which faces the first organiclight-emitting layer 150 a or the third organic light-emitting layer 150c may be a surface with random irregularities.

The surface roughness of the third organic light-emitting layer 150 cincluded in each of the third pixels P3 may be equal to the surfaceroughness of the first organic light-emitting layer 150 a included ineach of the first pixels P1. That is, the surface roughness of the thirdorganic light-emitting layer 150 c may be less than the surfaceroughness of the second organic light-emitting layer 150 b.

The first organic light-emitting layer 150 a may protrude out of each ofthe first pixels P1 and out of first opening region 190 a, and thesecond organic light-emitting layer 150 b may protrude out of each ofthe second pixels P2 and out of each second opening region 190 brespectively. A length by which the second organic light-emitting layer150 b protrudes out of each of the second pixels P2 (as well as secondopening regions 190 b) may be greater than a length by which the firstorganic light-emitting layer 150 a protrudes out of each of the firstpixels P1 (and out of each first opening region 190 a, respectively).Here, if the first organic light-emitting layer 150 a protrudes out ofeach of the first pixels P1, edge portions of the first organiclight-emitting layer 150 a may extend beyond the region in which each ofthe first pixels P1 is located to be disposed on the pixel defininglayer 130 as seen in a plan view. In addition, if the second organiclight-emitting layer 150 b protrudes out of each of the second pixelsP2, edge portions of the second organic light-emitting layer 150 b mayextend beyond the region in which each of the second pixels P2 islocated to be disposed on the pixel defining layer 130 as seen in a planview. In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the length by whichthe first organic light-emitting layer 150 a protrudes out of each ofthe first pixels P1 may be D7 a, and the length by which the secondorganic light-emitting layer 150 b protrudes out of each of the secondpixels P2 may be D7 b, wherein the length of D7 b may be greater thanthe length of D7 a. Here, a distance between the first organiclight-emitting layer 150 a and the second organic light-emitting layer150 b may be D7 c, and the sum of D7 a, D7 b and D7 c may be equal toD7.

The third organic light-emitting layer 150 c may also protrude out ofeach of the third pixels P3 and each third opening 190 c, and a lengthby which the third organic light-emitting layer 150 c protrudes out ofeach of the third pixels P3 and each third opening 190 c may be equal tothe length by which the first organic light-emitting layer 150 aprotrudes out of each of the first pixels P1 and each first opening 190a respectively. That is, although not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lengthby which the third organic light-emitting layer 150 c protrudes out ofeach of the third pixels P3 may be D7 a.

The adhesion of the first organic light-emitting layer 150 a to thefirst pixel electrode 140 a may be greater than the adhesion of thesecond organic light-emitting layer 150 b to the second pixel electrode140 b. That is, the interfacial adhesion between the first organiclight-emitting layer 150 a and the first pixel electrode 140 a may begreater than the interfacial adhesion between the second organiclight-emitting layer 150 b and the second pixel electrode 140 b. Inaddition, the adhesion of the third organic light-emitting layer 150 cto the third pixel electrode 140 c may be equal to the adhesion of thefirst organic light-emitting layer 150 a to the first pixel electrode140 a.

A method of manufacturing an organic luminescence display according toan embodiment of the present invention will now be described withreference to FIGS. 4 through 8. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional viewillustrating an operation of preparing a substrate 100 having aplurality of pixel electrodes (140 a, 140 b, 140 c) and a pixel defininglayer 130 in a method of manufacturing the organic luminescence displayof FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operation offorming a first organic light-emitting layer 150 a in the method ofmanufacturing the organic luminescence display of FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is across-sectional view illustrating an operation of forming a thirdorganic light-emitting layer 150 c in the method of manufacturing theorganic luminescence display of FIG. 1. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional viewillustrating an operation of forming a second organic light-emittinglayer 150 b in the method of manufacturing the organic luminescencedisplay of FIG. 1. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating anoperation of forming a common electrode 160 in the method ofmanufacturing the organic luminescence display of FIG. 1. Forsimplicity, elements substantially identical to those of FIGS. 1 through3 are indicated by like reference numerals, and thus a repetitivedescription thereof will be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 4, to manufacture the organic luminescence display ofFIG. 1, the substrate 100 having the pixel electrodes (140 a, 140 b, 140c) and the pixel defining layer 130 may be prepared. Here, after thepixel defining layer 130 is formed on the substrate 100, the pixelelectrodes may be formed. However, the present invention is not limitedthereto, and after the pixel electrodes are formed on the substrate 100,the pixel defining layer 130 may be formed.

Referring to FIG. 5, after the substrate 100 having the pixel electrodes(140 a, 140 b, 140 c) and the pixel defining layer 130 is prepared, thefirst organic light-emitting layer 150 a may be formed by depositing afirst organic light-emitting material on a first pixel electrode 140 awhich is disposed on the substrate 100 and exposed by the pixel defininglayer 130. Specifically, a mask 200 having an opening 210 as large asthe first pixel electrode 140 a exposed by the pixel defining layer 130may be placed such that the opening corresponds to the first pixelelectrode 140 a exposed by the pixel defining layer 130. Here, the mask200 may be a fine metal mask. Next, a deposition source 300 above themask 200 may evaporate the first organic light-emitting material in aliquid or semi-solid state by heating the first organic light-emittingmaterial. The evaporated first organic light-emitting material may passthrough the opening 210 to be deposited on the first pixel electrode 140a exposed by the pixel defining layer 130, thereby forming the firstorganic light-emitting layer 150 a.

Referring to FIG. 6, after the formation of the first organiclight-emitting layer 150 a, the third organic light-emitting layer 150 cmay be formed by depositing a third organic light-emitting material on athird pixel electrode 140 c which is disposed on the substrate 100 andexposed by the pixel defining layer 130. Specifically, a mask 200 havingan opening 210 as large as the third pixel electrode 140 c exposed bythe pixel defining layer 130 may be placed such that the openingcorresponds to the third pixel electrode 140 c exposed by the pixeldefining layer 130. Then, the deposition source 300 above the mask 200may evaporate the third organic light-emitting material in a liquid orsemi-solid state by heating the third organic light-emitting material.The evaporated third organic light-emitting material may pass throughthe opening 210 to be deposited on the third pixel electrode 140 cexposed by the pixel defining layer 130, thereby forming the thirdorganic light-emitting layer 150 c.

Referring to FIG. 7, after the formation of the third organiclight-emitting layer 150 c, the second organic light-emitting layer 150b may be formed by transferring a transfer layer 430 containing a secondorganic light-emitting material onto a second pixel electrode 140 bwhich is disposed on the substrate 100 and exposed by the pixel defininglayer 130.

Specifically, a donor substrate 400 including a base film 410, alight-to-heat conversion layer 420 and the transfer layer 430 may beplaced on the second pixel electrode 140 b such that the transfer layer430 faces the substrate 100.

The base film 410 may be formed of transparent polymer. Examples of thetransparent polymer include polyester such as polyethyleneterephthalate, polyacryl, polyepoxy, polyethylene, polystyrene, and thelike. Among these examples, the polyethylene terephthalate film ismainly used. The base film 410 should have optical properties andmechanical stability as a support film. The base film 140 may have athickness of 10 to 500 μm.

The light-to-heat conversion layer 420 may be disposed on the base film410. The light-to-heat conversion layer 420 absorbs light in theinfrared ray-visible ray range and converts some of the light into heat.To this end, the light-to-heat conversion layer 420 should have opticaldensity and includes a light absorbing material. The light-to-heatconversion layer 420 may be a metal layer which contains aluminum oxideor aluminum sulfide as the light absorbing material or a polymer organiclayer which contains carbon black, graphite or infrared dye as the lightabsorbing material. If the light-to-heat conversion layer 420 is themetal layer, it may be formed to a thickness of 100 to 5,000 Å by vacuumdeposition, electron beam deposition or sputtering. If the light-to-heatconversion layer 420 is the polymer organic layer, it may be formed to athickness of 0.1 to 10 μm by typical film coating methods such as rollcoating, gravure coating, extrusion coating, spin coating, and knifecoating.

The transfer layer 430 may be disposed on the light-to-heat conversionlayer 420. The transfer layer 430 is a layer that is actuallytransferred onto the substrate 100. The transfer layer 430 may be formedof the same material as the second organic light-emitting layer 150 band may have the same stacked structure as the second organiclight-emitting layer 150 b.

Although not shown in the drawing, the donor substrate 400 may furtherinclude an intermediate layer. The intermediate layer may be disposedbetween the light-to-heat conversion layer 420 and the transfer layer430. The intermediate layer may prevent the light absorbing material(e.g., carbon black) of the light-to-heat conversion layer 420 fromcontaminating the transfer layer 430 formed in a subsequent process. Theintermediate layer may be formed of acrylic resin or alkyd resin. Theintermediate layer may be formed by a typical coating process such assolvent coating and a curing process such as ultraviolet curing.

Although not shown in the drawing, the donor substrate 400 may furtherinclude a buffer layer. The buffer layer may be disposed between thelight-to-heat conversion layer 420 and the transfer layer 430 or, if theintermediate layer is present, between the intermediate layer and thetransfer layer 430. The buffer layer may be formed to prevent the damageto an organic layer formed in the transfer layer 430 and effectivelyadjust the adhesion between the light-to-heat conversion layer 420 andthe transfer layer 430 or, if the intermediate layer is present, betweenthe intermediate layer and the transfer layer 430. The buffer layer maycontain at least one of an insulating material, a metal, and a metaloxide.

The transfer layer 430 may be transferred onto the second pixelelectrode 140 b by irradiating beams of a laser 500 to a region of thedonor substrate 400 which faces the second pixel electrode 140 b exposedby the pixel defining layer 130. As a result, the second organiclight-emitting layer 150 b may be formed on the second pixel electrode140 b. That is, the transfer layer 430 transferred onto the substrate100 may be the second organic light-emitting layer 150 b. Here, thelaser 500 may be any one of general-purpose lasers such as solid, gas,semiconductor, pigments, etc. The beams of the laser 500 may come incircular or other possible shapes. However, the laser 500 is merely anexample, and the present invention is not limited to this example. Thatis, a xenon (Xe) lamp or a flash lamp can also be used.

Referring to FIG. 8, after the formation of the second organiclight-emitting layer 150 b, the common electrode 160 may be formed onthe first organic light-emitting layer 150 a, the second organiclight-emitting layer 150 b, and the third organic light-emitting layer150 c. Specifically, an open mask (not shown) may be placed tocorrespond to the substrate 100. Then, the deposition source 300 abovethe open mask may evaporate an electrode material in a liquid orsemi-solid state by heating the electrode material. The evaporatedelectrode material may be deposited on the first organic light-emittinglayer 150 a, the second organic light-emitting layer 150 b and the thirdorganic light-emitting layer 150 c, thereby forming the common electrode160.

In the above-described method of manufacturing the organic luminescencedisplay according to the current embodiment, a minimum width of thesecond pixel electrode 140 b exposed by the pixel defining layer 130 maybe smaller than a minimum width of the first pixel electrode 140 aexposed by the pixel defining layer 130. Here, the minimum width of thesecond pixel electrode 140 b exposed by the pixel defining layer 130 maybe 1 to 10 μm, preferably, 3 to 7 μm. In addition, the first pixelelectrode 140 a exposed by the pixel defining layer 130 may bedot-shaped, and the second pixel electrode 140 b exposed by the pixeldefining layer 130 may be stripe-shaped.

As described above, in the organic luminescence display and the methodof manufacturing the same according to the current embodiment, first andthird pixels P1 and P3 which are large in size may formed by adeposition process, and second pixels P2 which are small in size may beformed by a transfer process, i.e., a laser induced thermal imaging(LITI) process. Specifically, the dot-shaped first and third pixels P1and P3 may be formed by a deposition process, and the stripe-shapedsecond pixels P2 may be formed by a transfer process.

If a deposition process is used to form the second organiclight-emitting layer 150 b of each of the stripe-shaped second pixelsP2, since an opening of a mask 200 used in the deposition process isnarrow, the opening may be clogged with the second organiclight-emitting material evaporating from the deposition source 300.Moreover, the mask 200 that may droop or be pressed may contaminate thefirst organic light-emitting layer 150 a and the third organiclight-emitting layer 150 c already formed on the substrate 100. Thesephenomena may cause defects such as dark spots, thereby degrading thehigh-resolution image quality of the organic luminescence display. Also,they may increase the process time and cost, causing the overall workloss. In particular, if the minimum width of each of the second pixelsP2 is 1 to 10 μm or, preferably, 3 to 7 μm, it is difficult tomanufacture the mask 200 corresponding to this minimum width. Even ifthe mask 200 corresponding to this minimum width can be manufactured,the opening of the mask 200 may be clogged immediately after theinitiation of a deposition process. Consequently, it may be verydifficult to form the second organic light-emitting layer 150 b asdesired.

In this regard, a transfer process may be used to form the secondorganic light-emitting layer 150 b of each of the stripe-shaped secondpixels P2. In this case, the above phenomena can be prevented. As aresult, a high-quality organic luminescence display can be manufactured,and unnecessary work loss can be reduced by reducing the process timeand cost.

On the other hand, a conventional deposition process may be used to formthe first organic light-emitting layer 150 a and the third organiclight-emitting layer 150 c of the dot-shaped first and third pixels P1and P3. This ensures high efficiency and stability.

Lengths by which the first organic light-emitting layer 150 a and thethird organic light-emitting layer 150 c formed by a deposition processprotrude out of each of the first pixels P1 and each of the third pixelsP3, respectively, can be adjusted by controlling the opening 210 of themask 200. However, it may be difficult to adjust a length by which thesecond organic light-emitting layer 150 b formed by a transfer processprotrudes out of each of the second pixels P2 due to cohesioncharacteristics inside the transfer layer 430.

Therefore, in the organic luminescence display according to the currentembodiment, the second organic light-emitting layer 150 b whoseprotruding length is difficult to adjust is placed between the first andthird organic light-emitting layers 150 a and 150 c whose protrudinglengths are easy to adjust. Accordingly, the distance between the pixelscan not only be adjusted easily but also be reduced, thereby improvingthe overall aperture ratio of the organic luminescence display.Specifically, the length by which the second organic light-emittinglayer 150 b protrudes out of each of the second pixels P2 may be withina predetermined range, and as long as the length by which the secondorganic light-emitting layer 150 b protrudes out of each of the secondpixels P2 is within the predetermined range, it is possible to adjustthe length by which the first organic light-emitting layer 150 aprotrudes out of each of the first pixels P1 and the length by which thethird organic light-emitting layer 150 c protrudes out of each of thethird pixels P3 between the first organic light-emitting layer 150 andthe second organic light-emitting layer 150 b and between the secondorganic light-emitting layer 150 b and the third organic light-emittinglayer 150 c. Accordingly, the distance between the pixels can not onlybe adjusted easily but also be reduced.

FIG. 9 is a plan view schematically illustrating the pixel arrangementof an organic luminescence display constructed as another embodimentaccording to the principles of the present invention. FIG. 10 is across-sectional view taken along line B-B′ of FIG. 9. For simplicity,elements substantially identical to those of FIGS. 1 through 3 areindicated by like reference numerals, and thus a repetitive descriptionthereof will be omitted.

Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, in the organic luminescence displayaccording to the current embodiment, a second organic light-emittinglayer 151 b may extend continuously over all rows in an (n+1)^(th)column and an (n+3)^(th) column.

As a result, the second organic light-emitting layer 151 b may belocated in a region between a plurality of second pixels P2 in a columndirection. In this region, no electric current flows because a secondpixel electrode 140 b does not exist while a pixel defining layer 130exists. Thus, light is not emitted.

In the organic luminescence display according to the current embodiment,since the second organic light-emitting layer 151 b is continuouslyformed at a time as described above, process efficiency can beincreased.

In addition, a reduction in the flatness of the organic luminescencedisplay due to an overlap between second organic light-emitting layers151 b adjacent in the column direction can be prevented.

Further, a common electrode 161 formed on the pixel defining layer 130in the (n+1)^(th) column and the (n+3)^(th) column may be flat.Therefore, the flatness of the organic luminescence display can beensured more easily.

FIG. 11 is a plan view schematically illustrating the pixel arrangementof an organic luminescence display according to another embodiment ofthe present invention. For simplicity, elements substantially identicalto those of FIGS. 1 through 3 are indicated by like reference numerals,and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 11, in the organic luminescence display according tothe current embodiment, each of a plurality of first pixels P1 or eachof a plurality of third pixels P3 may be surrounded by a plurality ofsecond pixels P2, and each of the second pixels P2 may be surrounded bythe first pixels P1 and the third pixels P3. In an exemplary embodiment,even-numbered rows or odd-numbered rows may be shifted in a rowdirection by a predetermined distance. Specifically, since theeven-numbered rows or the odd-numbered rows are shifted in the rowdirection by the predetermined distance, each of the first pixels P1 maybe adjacent to two second pixels P2 in a column direction, each of thesecond pixels P2 may be adjacent to a first pixel P1 and a third pixelP3 in the column direction, and each of the third pixels P3 may beadjacent to two second pixels P2 in the column direction.

As described above, in the organic luminescence display according to thecurrent embodiment, a distance between second organic light-emittinglayers 150 b whose protruding distance is hard to adjust is increased asmuch as possible. Therefore, the aperture ratio of the organicluminescence display can be improved further.

FIG. 12 is a plan view schematically illustrating the pixel arrangementof an organic luminescence display according to another embodiment ofthe present invention. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken alongline C-C′ of FIG. 12. For simplicity, elements substantially identicalto those of FIGS. 1 through 3 are indicated by like reference numerals,and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 12, a plurality of first pixels P1′, a plurality ofsecond pixels P2′, and a plurality of third pixels P3′ may be separatedfrom each other by a pixel defining layer 132. Each of the first pixelsP1′ may be shaped like a quadrangle including long sides having a lengthof D1′ and short sides having a length of D2′, each of the second pixelsP2′ may be shaped like a quadrangle including long sides having a lengthof D3′ and short sides having a length of D4′, and each of the thirdpixels P3′ may be shaped like a quadrangle including short sides havinga length of D5′ and long sides having a length of D6′. That is, each ofthe first pixels P1′ may be formed in a region of D1′×D2′, each of thesecond pixels P2′ may be formed in a region of D3′×D4′, and each of thethird pixels P3′ may be formed in a region of D5′×D6′. While the firstpixels P1′, the second pixels P2′ and the third pixels P3′ may bequadrangular as described above, their shape is not limited to thequadrangular shape. That is, the first pixels P1′, the second pixels P2′and the third pixels P3′ may also be circular, ellipsoidal, orpolygonal. In addition, at least one of the first through third pixelsP1′ through P3′ may have a different shape from that of the otherpixels.

Referring to FIG. 13, each of the first pixels P1′ may include a firstorganic light emitting layer 152 a which overlaps a first pixelelectrode 142 a, each of the second pixels P2′ may include a secondorganic light-emitting layer 152 b which overlaps a second pixelelectrode 142 b, and each of the third pixels P3′ may include a thirdorganic light-emitting layer 152 c which overlaps a third pixelelectrode 142 c. In addition, each of the first pixels P1′ may furtherinclude the first pixel electrode 142 a and a common electrode 162 whichoverlaps the first pixel electrode 142 a, each of the second pixels P2′may further include the second pixel electrode 142 b and the commonelectrode 162 which overlaps the second pixel electrode 142 b, and eachof the third pixels P3′ may further include the third pixel electrode142 c and the common electrode 162 which overlaps the third pixelelectrode 142 c. Each of the first through third pixels P1′ through P3′may further include a power supply unit (not shown) which applies anelectric potential to the common electrode 162 and a corresponding oneof the first pixel electrode 142 a, the second pixel electrode 142 b andthe third pixel electrode 142 c.

Referring back to FIG. 12, an n^(th) column of a plurality of pixels(P1′, P2′, P3′) may include the first pixels P1′ and the second pixelsP2′ arranged alternately, and an (n+1)^(th) column adjacent to then^(th) column may include the third pixels P3′. Each of the third pixelsP3′ may extend continuously over a row in which the first pixels P1′ arearranged and a row in which the second pixels P2′ adjacent to the firstpixels P1′ are arranged. Here, if each of the third pixels P3′ extendscontinuously over a row in which the first pixels P1′ are arranged and arow in which the second pixels P2′ adjacent to the first pixels P1′ arearranged, it means that each of the third pixels P3′ also exists betweenthe row in which the first pixels P1′ are arranged and the row in whichthe second pixels P2′ adjacent to the first pixels P1′ are arranged.

Each of the first pixels P1′ may be adjacent to the third pixels P3′ ina row direction and may be adjacent to the second pixels P2′ in a columndirection. Each of the second pixels P2′ may be adjacent to the thirdpixels P3′ in the row direction and may be adjacent to the first pixelsP1′ in the column direction. Each of the third pixels P3′ may beadjacent to the first pixels P1′ and the second pixels P2′ in the rowdirection and may be adjacent to other third pixels P3′ in the columndirection.

A distance between the first and third pixels P1′ and P3′ and a distancebetween the second and third pixels P2′ and P3′ may be D7′. Although notshown in the drawing, a distance between the first and second pixels P1′and P2′ may also be D7′.

The pixel arrangement may be a repetition of the n^(th) column and the(n+1)^(th) column in this order in the row direction.

Referring again to FIG. 12, a size of the first pixels P1′ may be equalto a size of the second pixels P2′, and a size of the third pixels P3′may be smaller than the size of the first pixels P1′. In an exemplaryembodiment, the first and second pixels P1′ and P2′ may be dot-shaped,and the third pixels P3′ may be stripe-shaped. Specifically, the firstthrough third pixels P1′ through P3′ may be quadrangular, the length ofthe short sides of each of the first pixels P1′ may be equal to thelength of the short sides of each of the second pixels P2′, and thelength of the short sides of each of the third pixels P3′ may be smallerthan the length of the short sides of each of the first pixels P1′. Inthe exemplary embodiment of FIG. 12, the length D2′ of the short sidesof each of the first pixels P1′ may be equal to the length D4′ of theshort sides of each of the second pixels P2′, and the length D5′ of theshort sides of each of the third pixels P3′ may be smaller than thelength D2′ of the short sides of each of the first pixels P1′. Inaddition, the length of the long sides of each of the third pixels P3′may be two to five times the length of the short sides of each of thefirst pixels P1′. That is, a minimum width of each of the first pixelsP1′ and a minimum width of each of the second pixels P2′ may be equal toor greater than a first width, and a minimum width of each of the thirdpixels P3′ may be equal to or greater than a second width which issmaller than the first width. Here, the first width may be greater than10 μm, and the second width may be 1 to 10 μm, preferably, 3 to 7 μm.

Referring again to FIGS. 12 and 13, the surface roughness of the firstorganic light-emitting layer 152 a may be equal to the surface roughnessof the second organic light-emitting layer 152 b, and the surfaceroughness of the third organic light-emitting layer 152 c may be greaterthan the surface roughness of the first organic light-emitting layer 152a. In an exemplary embodiment, each of the first organic light-emittinglayer 152 a and the second organic light-emitting layer 152 b mayinclude a smooth surface, and the third organic light-emitting layer 152c may include a surface with random irregularities.

In addition, a length by which the third organic light-emitting layer152 c protrudes out of each of the third pixels P3′ may be greater thana length by which the first organic light-emitting layer 152 a protrudesout of each of the first pixels P1′ and a length by which the secondorganic light-emitting layer 152 b protrudes out of each of the secondpixels P2′. In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 12 and 13, the lengthby which the first organic light-emitting layer 152 a protrudes out ofeach of the first pixels P1′ and the length by which the second organiclight-emitting layer 152 b protrudes out of each of the second pixelsP2′ may be D7 a′, and the length by which the third organiclight-emitting layer 152 c protrudes out of each of the third pixels P3′may be D7 b′, wherein the length of D7 b′ may be greater than the lengthof D7 a′. Here, a distance between the first organic light-emittinglayer 152 a and the third organic light-emitting layer 152 c and adistance between the second organic light-emitting layer 152 b and thethird organic light-emitting layer 152 c may be D7 c′, and the sum of D7a′, D7 b′ and D7 c′ may be equal to D7′.

The adhesion of the first organic light-emitting layer 152 a to thefirst pixel electrode 142 a and the adhesion of the second organiclight-emitting layer 152 b to the second pixel electrode 142 b may begreater than the adhesion of the third organic light-emitting layer 152c to the third pixel electrode 142 c.

A method of manufacturing an organic luminescence display according toanother embodiment of the present invention will now be described withreference to FIGS. 14 through 18. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional viewillustrating an operation of preparing a substrate 100 having aplurality of pixel electrodes (142 a, 142 b, 142 c) and a pixel defininglayer 132 in a method of manufacturing the organic luminescence displayof FIG. 12. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operationof forming a first organic light-emitting layer 152 a in the method ofmanufacturing the organic luminescence display of FIG. 12. FIG. 16 is across-sectional view illustrating an operation of forming a secondorganic light-emitting layer 152 b in the method of manufacturing theorganic luminescence display of FIG. 12. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectionalview illustrating an operation of forming a third organic light-emittinglayer 152 c in the method of manufacturing the organic luminescencedisplay of FIG. 12. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view illustrating anoperation of forming a common electrode 162 in the method ofmanufacturing the organic luminescence display of FIG. 12. Forsimplicity, elements substantially identical to those of FIGS. 4 through8 are indicated by like reference numerals, and thus a repetitivedescription thereof will be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 14, the substrate 100 having the pixel electrodes (142a, 142 b, 142 c) and the pixel defining layer 132 may be prepared.

Referring to FIG. 15, after the substrate 100 having the pixelelectrodes (142 a, 142 b, 142 c) and the pixel defining layer 132 isprepared, the first organic light-emitting layer 152 a may be formed bydepositing a first organic light-emitting material on a first pixelelectrode 142 a which is disposed on the substrate 100 and exposed bythe pixel defining layer 132.

Referring to FIG. 16, after the formation of the first organiclight-emitting layer 152 a, the second organic light-emitting layer 152b may be formed by depositing a second organic light-emitting materialon a second pixel electrode 142 b which is disposed on the substrate 100and exposed by the pixel defining layer 132.

Referring to FIG. 17, after the formation of the second organiclight-emitting layer 152 b, the third organic light-emitting layer 152 cmay be formed by transferring a transfer layer 432 containing a thirdorganic light-emitting material onto a third pixel electrode 142 c whichis disposed on the substrate 100 and exposed by the pixel defining layer132.

Specifically, a donor substrate 402 including a base film 410, alight-to-heat conversion layer 420 and the transfer layer 432 may beplaced on the third pixel electrode 142 c such that the transfer layer432 faces the substrate 100. Then, the transfer layer 432 may betransferred onto the third pixel electrode 142 c by irradiating beams ofa laser 500 to a region of the donor substrate 402 which faces the thirdpixel electrode 142 c exposed by the pixel defining layer 132. As aresult, the third organic light-emitting layer 152 c may be formed onthe third pixel electrode 142 c.

Referring to FIG. 18, after the formation of the third organiclight-emitting layer 152 c, the common electrode 162 may be formed onthe first organic light-emitting layer 152 a, the second organiclight-emitting layer 152 b, and the third organic light-emitting layer152 c.

In the above-described method of manufacturing the organic luminescencedisplay according to the current embodiment, a minimum width of thethird pixel electrode 142 c exposed by the pixel defining layer 132 maybe smaller than a minimum width of the first pixel electrode 142 aexposed by the pixel defining layer 132 and a minimum width of thesecond pixel electrode 142 b exposed by the pixel defining layer 132.

As described above, in the organic luminescence display and the methodof manufacturing the same according to the current embodiment, first andsecond pixels P1′ and P2′ which are large in size may formed by adeposition process, and third pixels P3′ which are small in size may beformed by a transfer process. Specifically, the dot-shaped first andsecond pixels P1′ and P2′ may be formed by a deposition process, and thestripe-shaped third pixels P3′ may be formed by a transfer process.

Therefore, a high-quality organic luminescence display can bemanufactured, and unnecessary work loss can be reduced by reducing theprocess time and cost. In addition, since a conventional depositionprocess is still used, high efficiency and stability can be ensured.Further, the overall aperture ratio of the organic luminescence displaycan be improved.

FIG. 19 is a plan view schematically illustrating the pixel arrangementof an organic luminescence display according to another embodiment ofthe present invention. FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken alongline D-D′ of FIG. 19. For simplicity, elements substantially identicalto those of FIGS. 12 through 13 are indicated by like referencenumerals, and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.

Referring to FIGS. 19 and 20, in the organic luminescence displayaccording to the current embodiment, a third organic light-emittinglayer 153 c may extend continuously over all rows in an (n+1)^(th)column.

In the organic luminescence display according to the current embodiment,since the third organic light-emitting layer 153 c is continuouslyformed at a time as described above, process efficiency can beincreased.

In addition, a reduction in the flatness of the organic luminescencedisplay due to an overlap between third organic light-emitting layers153 c adjacent in a column direction can be prevented.

Further, a common electrode 163 formed on the pixel defining layer 132in the (n+1)^(th) column may be flat. Therefore, the flatness of theorganic luminescence display can be ensured more easily.

FIGS. 21 and 22 are plan views schematically illustrating the pixelarrangement of organic luminescence displays according to otherembodiments of the present invention. For simplicity, elementssubstantially identical to those of FIGS. 12 through 13 are indicated bylike reference numerals, and thus a repetitive description thereof willbe omitted.

Referring to FIG. 21, in the same row, any one of first and secondpixels P1′ and P2′ may be disposed in an n^(th) column, and the otherone of the first and second pixels P1′ and P2′ may be disposed in an(n+2)^(th) column.

Therefore, color reproducibility of the organic luminescence displayaccording to the current embodiment can be improved.

Referring to FIG. 22, first and second pixels P1′ and P2′ may besurrounded by third pixels P3′, and each of the third pixels P3′ may besurrounded by the first and second pixels P1′ and P2′

In the organic luminescence display according to the current embodiment,a distance between third organic light-emitting layers 152 c whoseprotruding distance is hard to adjust is increased as much as possible.Therefore, the aperture ratio of the organic luminescence display can beimproved further.

Embodiments of the present invention provide at least one of thefollowing advantages.

That is, a high-quality organic luminescence display can bemanufactured, and unnecessary work loss can be reduced by reducing theprocess time and cost.

In addition, since a conventional deposition process is still used, highefficiency and stability can be ensured.

Further, the overall aperture ratio of the organic luminescence displaycan be improved.

However, the effects of the present invention are not restricted to theone set forth herein. The above and other effects of the presentinvention will become more apparent to one of daily skill in the art towhich the present invention pertains by referencing the claims.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and describedwith reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understoodby those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form anddetails may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scopeof the present invention as defined by the following claims. It istherefore desired that the present embodiments be considered in allrespects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made tothe appended claims rather than the foregoing description to indicatethe scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic luminescence display device,comprising: a substrate; a pixel defining layer disposed on thesubstrate and including a plurality of first opening regions and aplurality of second opening regions; and a plurality of pixels locatedin the plurality of opening regions defined by the pixel defining layer;the pixels comprising: a plurality of first pixels corresponding to thefirst opening regions, each first pixel comprising a first organiclight-emitting layer; and a plurality of second pixels corresponding tothe second opening regions, the second pixels are smaller in size thanthe first pixels and each of which comprises a second organiclight-emitting layer; the second organic light-emitting layer protrudingout of each of the second opening regions by a greater distance than adistance that the first organic light-emitting layer protrudes out ofeach of the first opening regions.
 2. The organic luminescence displaydevice of claim 1, wherein an edge portion of the first organiclight-emitting layer and an edge portion of the second organiclight-emitting layer are disposed on the pixel defining layer.
 3. Theorganic luminescence display device of claim 1, wherein the first pixelsare dot-shaped, and the second pixels are stripe-shaped.
 4. The organicluminescence display device of claim 3, wherein the first and secondpixels are quadrangular, a length of long sides of each of the firstpixels is equal to a length of long sides of each of the second pixels,and a length of short sides of each of the first pixels is greater thana length of short sides of each of the second pixels.
 5. The organicluminescence display device of claim 1, wherein the pixel defining layerfurther includes a plurality of third opening regions, the pixelsfurther comprise a plurality of third pixels corresponding to the thirdopening regions, the third pixels being equal in size to the firstpixels and each of the third pixels comprises a third organiclight-emitting layer, wherein a distance by which the third organiclight-emitting layer protrudes out of each of the third opening regionsis equal to the distance by which the first organic light-emitting layerprotrudes out of each of the first opening regions.
 6. The organicluminescence display device of claim 5, wherein each of the secondpixels is disposed between the first and third pixels.
 7. The organicluminescence display device of claim 6, wherein the pixels are arrangedin a matrix having a plurality of columns and a plurality of rowsintersecting the columns, wherein an n-th column comprises the firstpixels and the third pixels arranged alternately, an (n+1)-th columnadjacent to the n-th column comprises the second pixels, an (n+2)-thcolumn adjacent to the (n+1)-th column comprises the first pixels andthe third pixels arranged alternately, and an (n+3)-th column adjacentto the (n+2)-th column comprises the second pixels, and wherein, in asame row, any one of the first and third pixels is disposed in the n-thcolumn, and another one of the first and third pixels is disposed in the(n+2)-th column, where n is a natural number.
 8. The organicluminescence display device of claim 7, wherein the second organiclight-emitting layer extends continuously over all rows in the (n+1)-thcolumn and the (n+3)-th column.
 9. The organic luminescence displaydevice of claim 5, wherein each of the first pixels or each of the thirdpixels is surrounded by the second pixels, and each of the second pixelsis surrounded by the first pixels and the third pixels.
 10. The organicluminescence display device of claim 1, wherein each of the first pixelscomprises a first pixel electrode which contacts the first organiclight-emitting layer, and each of the second pixels comprises a secondpixel electrode which contacts the second organic light-emitting layer,and wherein adhesion of the first organic light-emitting layer to thefirst pixel electrode is greater than adhesion of the second organiclight-emitting layer to the second pixel electrode.
 11. An organicluminescence display device, comprising: a substrate; and a plurality ofpixels disposed on the substrate; the pixels comprising: a plurality offirst pixels, each comprising a first organic light-emitting layer; aplurality of second pixels, each comprising a second organiclight-emitting layer; and a plurality of third pixels, each comprising athird organic light-emitting layer, wherein a length by which the firstorganic light-emitting layer protrudes out of each side of each of thefirst pixels is equal to a length by which the second organiclight-emitting layer protrudes out of each side of each of the secondpixels; and wherein a length by which the third organic light-emittinglayer protrudes out of each side of each of the third pixels is greaterthan the length by which the first organic light-emitting layerprotrudes out of each side of each of the first pixels.
 12. The organicluminescence display device of claim 11, wherein the first and secondpixels are dot-shaped, and the third pixels are stripe-shaped, whereineach of the first pixels comprises a first pixel electrode whichcontacts the first organic light-emitting layer, and each of the secondpixels comprises a second pixel electrode which contacts the secondorganic light-emitting layer, wherein an adhesion of the first organiclight-emitting layer to the first pixel electrode is greater than anadhesion of the second organic light-emitting layer to the second pixelelectrode.
 13. The organic luminescence display device of claim 12,wherein the first through third pixels are quadrangular, a length ofshort sides of each of the first pixels is equal to a length of shortsides of each of the second pixels, and a length of short sides of eachof the third pixels is smaller than the length of the short sides ofeach of the first pixels.
 14. The organic luminescence display device ofclaim 13, wherein a length of long sides of each of the third pixels istwo to five times the length of the short sides of each of the firstpixels.
 15. The organic luminescence display device of claim 12, whereina minimum width of each of the first pixels and a minimum width of eachof the second pixels are not less than a first width, and a minimumwidth of each of the third pixels is not greater than a second widthwhich is smaller than the first width.
 16. The organic luminescencedisplay device of claim 11, wherein the pixels are arranged in a matrixhaving a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows intersecting thecolumns, wherein an n-th column comprises the first pixels and thesecond pixels arranged alternately, and an (n+1)-th column adjacent tothe n-th column comprises the third pixels, wherein each of the thirdpixels extends continuously over a row in which the first pixels arearranged and a row in which the second pixels adjacent to the firstpixels are arranged, where n is a natural number.
 17. The organicluminescence display device of claim 16, wherein the third organiclight-emitting layer extends continuously over all rows in the (n+1)-thcolumn.
 18. The organic luminescence display device of claim 11, whereinthe first and second pixels are surrounded by the third pixels, and eachof the third pixels is surrounded by the first and second pixels. 19.The organic luminescence display device of claim 1, wherein each of thefirst and second opening regions corresponds to a region correspondingto the first and second openings respectively in the pixel defininglayer taken at a top portion of the pixel defining layer furthest fromthe substrate.